25 Aug 2026
Signal Headquarters
Vol. I
No. 237
Reference

What is vitamin d?

vitamin d

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that the body produces from sun exposure and obtains from diet and supplements. It regulates about 5% of the protein-encoding human genome, influencing numerous biological pathways, and its deficiency has been linked to accelerated aging and increased risk of dementia. Research discussed by Rhonda Patrick and Steve Horvath highlights its potential role in cognitive health and biological aging.

How it developed

  • May 2025 - Rhonda Patrick said a randomized controlled trial found that 800 IUs of vitamin D daily lowered amyloid beta plaque burden in Alzheimer’s patients.
  • May 2025 - Rhonda Patrick cited a study associating vitamin D supplementation with a 40% lower risk of dementia over a decade, and noted that genetically low vitamin D levels increase dementia risk by up to 54%.
  • May 2025 - Rhonda Patrick reported that a 70-year-old makes four times less vitamin D from the sun than a 20-year-old.
  • Nov 2025 - Rhonda Patrick stated that vitamin D controls about 5% of the protein-encoding human genome, and that people with genes causing low vitamin D have higher all-cause mortality.
  • Mar 2026 - Dr. Rhonda Patrick noted that in a trial, only omega-3, not vitamin D, slowed epigenetic aging.
  • Jun 2026 - Steve Horvath said vitamin D deficiency causes age acceleration, in some cases severe, up to 3 years.

In the evidence

Every line below is attributed to a named speaker.

By the numbers

An RCT giving 800 IU of vitamin D daily to Alzheimer's patients found a reduction in amyloid beta plaque burden.

“In that study it was a randomized control trial in people that were giving an 800 IUs of vitamin D a day. People that already had Alzheimer's disease. It lowered their amaloid beta plaque burden.”
Rhonda Patrick · 19 May 2025
Best explained

Vitamin D's broad biological reach is explained by the fact that it controls roughly 5% of the entire protein-encoding human genome, making deficiency a systemic problem rather than a narrow one.

“We know that vitamin D controls about 5% of the protein-encoding human genome.”
Rhonda Patrick · 5 Nov 2025
By the numbers

Vitamin D supplementation is associated with a 40% lower risk of dementia over a decade, per a new study.

“A new study found that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a 40% lower risk of dementia over a decade.”
Rhonda Patrick · 19 May 2025
Worth quoting

Rhonda Patrick on the dementia risk reduction associated with vitamin D supplementation over ten years.

“A new study found that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a 40% lower risk of dementia over a decade.”
Rhonda Patrick · 19 May 2025
Contrarian take

Genetically low vitamin D levels causally raise all-cause mortality per Mendelian randomization, countering the view that the vitamin D-mortality link is merely observational confounding.

“People with those genes, their they have genetically low levels of vitamin D, they have a higher all-cause mortality than people that don't have those genes.”
Rhonda Patrick · 5 Nov 2025
By the numbers

Genetically low vitamin D levels (a Mendelian randomization signal) are linked to up to a 54% increase in dementia risk.

“Genetically low vitamin D levels increase dementia risk by up to 54%.”
Rhonda Patrick · 19 May 2025
By the numbers

People with mild cognitive impairment who skipped vitamin D supplementation had more than 600% higher dementia risk than cognitively normal non-supplementers.

“Participants with mild cognitive impairment who didn't supplement with vitamin D had more than a 600% increase in dementia risk compared to the adults with normal cognitive function even those who didn't use vitamin D.”
Rhonda Patrick · 19 May 2025
By the numbers

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with up to 3 years of epigenetic age acceleration, but supplementation at 2000 IU vs 800 IU in already-sufficient adults showed no clock effect.

“Showing that vitamin D deficiency causes age acceleration in some cases severe like 3 years.”
Steve Horvath · 10 Jun 2026
Contrarian take

Omega-3 supplementation was the only intervention to slow epigenetic aging in a study that also included vitamin D and resistance training in already-active, vitamin-D-sufficient individuals.

“Only the omega-3 was able to slow epigenetic aging.”
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · 30 Mar 2026
By the numbers

A 70-year-old produces four times less vitamin D from sun exposure than a 20-year-old, highlighting why older adults are especially deficient.

“A 70-year-old makes four times less vitamin D from the sun than a 20-year-old.”
Rhonda Patrick · 19 May 2025
Signal Headquarters · reference note, compiled from attributed expert discussion. Last updated 2026-08-20.